﻿#############################
### Replication Archive:
### Affiliation Bias in Arbitration + The David Effect and ISDS
### Sergio Puig and Anton Strezhnev
#############################

### Files

Datasets:
	experiment1_public.csv 
		Results data from the first experiment conducted in Fall, 2015
		## CRC64 Checksum: A498529645288431
	
	experiment2_public.csv
		Results data from the second experiment conducted in March, 2017
		## CRC64 Checksum: CFD8B97695B769E6
		
	icsid_2010-2016_arbitrators.csv
		List of all ICSID arbitrators 2010-2016 w/ coded demographic characteristics
		## CRC64 Checksum: 72E81EFF1D0B07BC	

Code:
	affiliation_bias_puig_strezhnev_replication_code.R
		R code for replicating figures and tables from the paper "Afffiliation Bias in Arbitration"
		## CRC64 Checksum: A76DA4CECD6AE40F

	david_effect_puig_strezhnev_replication_code.R
		R code for replicating figures and tables from the paper "The David Effect and ISDS"
		## CRC64 Checksum: 23FC67FBAC291680

Survey experiment protocols

	experiment1_qualtrics.pdf
		Qualtrics exports of the design, vignettes, questions and layout of the first experiment
		## CRC64 Checksum: 723F88FFF8ED45EA

	experiment2_qualtrics.pdf
		Qualtrics exports of the design, vignettes, questions and layout of the second experiment		
		## CRC64 Checksum: E1DC2FA7A261707B

####################	
#### Data Notes
#####################

###### Privacy and Anonymization

Privacy Note: Because our surveys concerned a very narrow and specialized population - international arbitrators -
some of the variables included in the survey have been omitted or coarsened for the replication data to protect the privacy of respondents. 
None of the variables pertain directly to the experiment itself, but rather to the background covariates collected
after the vignettes in order to ascertain that we are sampling from a reasonable and relevant population. In particular, some open-ended answers
could be used to identify respondents conditional on some general knowledge about the arbitration community. Therefore, for all background questions
for which we elicited an open-ended response, we coded any relevant, coarser, features from the responses and omitted the raw open responses from the data.

Below are the steps we took for each of the relevant variables:

Age:

In experiment 1, we elicited birth year to get a sense of age distributions in our sampled cohort. However,
because there are so many possible discrete values that birth year could take on, this variable in particular, 
combined with some additional covariates could possibly be used to de-anonymize observations. As a result, we do not
include this variable in the data or any part of the analysis and do not ask this question in experiment 2.

Nationality:

While for most nationalities, we have enough observations to maintain anonymity across arbitrators, for some arbitrators, particularly those that
mentioned two or more nationalities, the unique combination provided could be used to identify arbitrators' responses. While we asked only for a single
nationality in the second experiment (to make identification less problematic), the variable, when combined with some of the auxiliary information, could still
potentially risk de-anonymization. However, we needed to use some element of nationality to assess whether our sample is representative of the actual population
and that we are not over-sampling nationals of certain countries too much. We chose two relevant variables that could possibly be sources of effect heterogeneity:
whether the arbitrator is from the U.S. and whether the arbitrator is from a common or civil law country. We discuss the particular coding method for these variables
more in the paper. Coarsening the nationality variable into a set of indicators therefore merges the "unique" arbitrators into larger strata and makes identification
more difficult if not impossible given the information provided. 

Employment:

Some arbitrators "Other" to the three response question on where the arbitrator is currently employed (Academic, Government, Private Practice). For those 
that answered the follow-up open-response elaborating on their employment, we recoded the response into one of the three main categories (grouping Private Practice with any private-sector employment) 
We therefore omit the exact open-ended response provided by arbitrators (though the vast majority that chose other indicated some sort of private sector employment that just was not in a law firm (e.g. independent arbitrator)).
Unfortunately because some of these responses were rather precise and might be used to identify respondents, we omit the open-ended explanations of employment from the public data.

Education:
Since the form of legal education varies significantly across countries,
we allowed respondents to enter their response to the education question in a general, open-response form.
Unfortunately, the open responses for some surveyed arbitrators with rarer types of credentials (or responses that indicated two or more particular degrees) could create de-anonymization issues 
(especially when respondents also chose to note their institution).
Therefore, we chose to withold the open-ended education response and manually coded responses to four categories for
respondents' highest indicated level of education.
1) Bachelor's 
2) JD (first degree in Law)
3) Masters
4) Doctorate

	Coding rules:
		Bachelor's: LL.B, undergraduate, etc... (names vary across country and pre-/post-Bologna)
			Also includes any other explicitly stated undergraduate degree
			
		JD: Respondent mentions JD but no other post-graduate degrees. 

		Masters: Typically LL.M, but could include other post-graduate professional degrees that are not JD
		
		Doctorate: Ph.D, LL.D. or S.J.D., etc... (any post-graduate research degree)
		
		Where respondents simply indicated "university", "law school" or "law degree" without specifying the exact degree type,
		we leave blank the precise coding but note that the respondent did input education corresponding to at least a bachelor's level.


Number of arbitrations:
In the original survey, we allowed respondents to indicate the number of arbitrations on which they had served in grouped categories (0, 1, 2-5, 6-9, 10+). 
Even with these coarsenings, when combined with other data, 
particularly on whether an arbitrator had served in an investor-state dispute, the data could be used to plausibly identify some respondents.

Therefore, the only two variables we retain and use in the analysis are whether an arbitrator has ever served as an arbitrator and whether they have 
served as an arbitrator in an investor-state dispute.

Political ideology/Arbitration opinion questions:
In the original survey, we asked respondents questions regarding their political leanings (left-right placement) and their opinions on 
the fairness and efficacy of the investment arbitration system. For the purposes of this survey experiment,
the covariates are not used in the analysis or in any of the write-up and so are not necessary for replication. 

To further make identification difficult, we de-link the arbitrators' responses for these particular questions from the rest of the survey. 
These responses will be released in future analyses of the ideology/opinion questions, but without linking the answers to arbitrators' responses to  
the experimental vignettes.

###########################################
#### Codebook
###########################################

#### Experiment 1
## experiment1_public.csv
###
- Variable Name
	Description
###############

- ResponseID	
	Unique identifer for the response row generated by Qualtrics (note these IDs are not linked across experiments and denote unique responses)

- StartDate	
	Date and time of when the respondent began the survey
	
- EndDate	
	Date and time of when the respondent terminated the survey
	
- Finished	
	Did the respondent finish the survey (1) or not (0)?

- isAppointer	
	Treatment assignment: appointing party - Investor-state vignette:
	Possible options:
		by the parties.
		by the claimant.
		by the respondent.
		. (blind appointment)
		
- isClaimant
	Treatment assignment: claimant wealth - Investor-state vignette:
	Possible options:
		a middle income economy.
		a high income economy.

- isRespondent
	Treatment assignment: respondent wealth - Investor-state vignette:
	Possible options:
		a low income economy.
		a middle income economy.

- isOutcome
	Treatment assignment: dispute outcome - Investor-state vignette:
	Possible options:
		that the claimant’s claims were manifestly without legal merit, under ICSID Arbitration Rule 41(5)
		that the present dispute was outside of the jurisdiction of the Centre (ICSID) and the competence of the tribunal
		that the respondent did NOT unfairly treat nor wrongfully expropriate the claimant’s investment
		that the respondent unfairly treated and wrongfully expropriated the claimant’s investment and that the claimant is entitled to compensation

- isOrder
	Random indicator for assigned order of multiple-choice responses (starting with claimant or starting with respondent) for compensation question
	Possible options:
		0: Start with "Claimant reimburses all of the Respondent’s expenses."
		1: Start with "Respondent reimburses all of the Claimant’s expenses."

- iiAppointer	
	Treatment assignment: appointing party - Investor-investor vignette:
	Possible options:
		by the parties.
		by the claimant.
		by the respondent.
		. (blind appointment)
		
- iiClaimant
	Treatment assignment: claimant wealth - Investor-investor vignette:
	Possible options:
		Fortune 500 company
		modest but growing local company in an emerging economy country

- iiRespondent
	Treatment assignment: respondent wealth - Investor-investor vignette:
	Possible options:
		Fortune 500 company
		modest but growing local company in an emerging economy country

- iiDamages
	Treatment assignment: how were the damages claims presented? - Investor-investor vignette:
	Possible options:
		agreed on an independent expert randomly selected from a pool of qualified experts who calculated damages for US$2,034,040.00.
		each presented equally credible witnesses. The claimant’s expert calculated damages for US$4,002,100.00. The respondent’s expert calculated damages for US$1,059,307.00.
	
- ConsentForm	
	Did arbitrators elect to consent to enter the survey?
	Possible options:
		1 (Yes)
		2 (No)

- InvestorStateSeen	
	Did arbitrators reach the page containing the Investor-State vignette?

- isShareFeesRespondent
	What share of the fees and expenses of the members of the Tribunal and the charges for
	the use of the facilities of the Centre shall be paid by the respondent? (Investor-state vignette)
	Possible options:
		0-100% Sliding scale (Start position = 50)
		-99 denotes missing value/non-response
	
	Note: This question is included for completeness but not analyzed due to issues with how the data was recorded. Specifically, in many cases
	where respondents may have agreed with a 50-50 split, the survey software recorded the response as missing (-99) if respondents did not click
	on the slider bar to move it. 
	
- isClaimantReimbursesAll	
	(if isOrder = 0) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Claimant reimburse all of the respondent's expenses? (Investor-state vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question isClaimantReimbursesAll2 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- isClaimantReimburseSome	
	(if isOrder = 0) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Claimant reimburse some of the respondent's expenses? (Investor-state vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question isClaimantReimbursesSome2 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- isSplitExpenses
	(if isOrder = 0) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have each party bear its own expenses? (Investor-state vignette)?
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question isSplitExpenses2 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- isRespondentReimbursesSome	
	(if isOrder = 0) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Respondent reimburse some of the claimant's expenses? (Investor-state vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question isClaimantReimbursesSome2 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- isRespondentReimbursesAll	
	(if isOrder = 0) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Respondent reimburse all of the claimant's expenses? (Investor-state vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question isRespondentReimbursesAll2 in the R code for the actual analysis.
	
- isRespondentReimbursesAll2
	(if isOrder = 1) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Respondent reimburse all of the claimant's expenses? (Investor-state vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question isRespondentReimbursesAll in the R code for the actual analysis.
	
- isRespondentReimbursesSome2	
	(if isOrder = 1) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Respondent reimburse some of the claimant's expenses? (Investor-state vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question isClaimantReimbursesSome in the R code for the actual analysis.
	
- isSplitExpenses2
	(if isOrder = 1) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have each party bear its own expenses? (Investor-state vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question isSplitExpenses in the R code for the actual analysis.

	
- isClaimantReimbursesSome2
	(if isOrder = 1) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Claimant reimburse some of the respondent's expenses? (Investor-state vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question isClaimantReimbursesSome in the R code for the actual analysis.
	

- isClaimantReimbursesAll2	
	(if isOrder = 1) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Claimant reimburse all of the respondent's expenses? (Investor-state vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question isClaimantReimbursesAll in the R code for the actual analysis.

- isOpenEnded
	Open ended explanation given by the surveyed arbitrator for why they made their particular cost allocation decision. (Investor-state Vignette)
	
- iiShown
	Did arbitrators reach the page containing the Investor-investor vignette?

- iiClaimantDamages
	How much should the respondent pay in damages to the claimant? (Investor-investor vignette)
	
	Respondents were asked to enter a positive dollar amount. However, some respondents did not wish to enter an amount and instead responded with text or left the
	question blank. Those that answered with a text response were recoded to -88.
	
- iiShareFeesRespondent
	What share of the fees and expenses of the members of the Tribunal and the charges for
	the use of the facilities of the Centre shall be paid by the respondent? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		0-100% Sliding scale (Start position = 50)
		-99 denotes missing value/non-response
	
	Note: This question is included for completeness but not analyzed due to issues with how the data was recorded. Specifically, in many cases
	where respondents may have agreed with a 50-50 split, the survey software recorded the response as missing (-99) if respondents did not click
	on the slider bar to move it. 

	
- iiClaimantReimbursesAll	
	(if iiOrder = 0) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Claimant reimburse all of the respondent's expenses? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question iiClaimantReimbursesAll2 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- iiClaimantReimburseSome	
	(if iiOrder = 0) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Claimant reimburse some of the respondent's expenses? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question iiClaimantReimbursesSome2 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- iiSplitExpenses
	(if iiOrder = 0) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have each party bear its own expenses? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question iiSplitExpenses2 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- iiRespondentReimbursesSome	
	(if iiOrder = 0) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Respondent reimburse some of the claimant's expenses? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question iiClaimantReimbursesSome2 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- iiRespondentReimbursesAll	
	(if iiOrder = 0) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Respondent reimburse all of the claimant's expenses? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question iiRespondentReimbursesAll2 in the R code for the actual analysis.
	
- iiRespondentReimbursesAll2
	(if iiOrder = 1) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Respondent reimburse all of the claimant's expenses? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question iiRespondentReimbursesAll in the R code for the actual analysis.
	
- iiRespondentReimbursesSome2	
	(if iiOrder = 1) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Respondent reimburse some of the claimant's expenses? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question iiClaimantReimbursesSome in the R code for the actual analysis.
	
- iiSplitExpenses2
	(if iiOrder = 1) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have each party bear its own expenses? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question iiSplitExpenses in the R code for the actual analysis.

	
- iiClaimantReimbursesSome2
	(if iiOrder = 1) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Claimant reimburse some of the respondent's expenses? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response
	
	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question iiClaimantReimbursesSome in the R code for the actual analysis.
	

- iiClaimantReimbursesAll2	
	(if iiOrder = 1) Did the surveyed arbitrator select to have the Claimant reimburse all of the respondent's expenses? (Investor-investor vignette)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- iiOpenEnded
	Open ended explanation given by the surveyed arbitrator for why they made their particular cost allocation decision. (Investor-investor vignette)
		
- backgroundShown
	Did the respondent reach the survey page containing the background questions?

- genderMale
	Respondent selected Male as gender
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- genderFemale
	Respondent selected Female as gender
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- anyUS
	Any of the respondent's entered nationalities is the United States	
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- anyCommon
	Any of the respondent's entered nationalities is a common law country (based on the classification in LaPorta et. al. (2008))
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- anyCivil
	Any of the respondent's entered nationalities is a civil law country (based on the classification in LaPorta et. al. (2008))
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- employmentPrivate
	What best describes your primary, current place of employment? Response = Private Practice/Law firm
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- employmentProfessor
	What best describes your primary, current place of employment? Response = Professor/University 
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- employmentGovt
	What best describes your primary, current place of employment? Response = Government/Public sector 
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- employmentOther	
	What best describes your primary, current place of employment? Response = Other
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- employmentCoded
	Recoded version of the four employment questions. "Other", when possible, recoded on the basis of arbitrators' open-ended responses. 
	Possible options:
		Private (includes both Private practice/Law firm in addition to other private sector positions described in the 'Other' open-ended responses)
		Public
		Academic

	Note: Left blank when no open-ended response for 'Other'

- educationCoded
	Recoded version of the open-ended education response. See above for coding guidelines
	Possible options:
		Bachelor's
		JD
		Master's
		Doctorate

- educationAnswered	
	Indicator for whether respondent gave an answer for education.
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)

- numArbitrations0
	In total, on how many arbitrations have you served? (Respondent answers 0)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- numArbitrations1Plus
	In total, on how many arbitrations have you served? (Respondent answered either 1, 2-5, 6-9, or 10+)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- isDisputeYes
	Have you ever been appointed to an investor-state dispute? (Survey respondent answered Yes)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- isDisputeNo
	Have you ever been appointed to an investor-state dispute? (Survey respondent answered No)
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		-99: Missing/No response

- randomizer
	Random order in which the investor-state and investor-investor vignettes were presented.	
	Possible options:
		Investor-State Vignette|Investor-Investor Vignette (IS vignette first)
		Investor-Investor Vignette|Investor-State Vignette (IS vignette second)

- RowID
	Row identifier

############################################################
#### Experiment 2
## experiment2_public.csv
###
- Variable Name
	Description
########

- StartDate	
	Date and time of when the respondent began the survey
	
- EndDate	
	Date and time of when the respondent terminated the survey
	
- Finished	
	Did the respondent finish the survey (TRUE) or not (FALSE)?

- ResponseID	
	Unique identifer for the response row generated by Qualtrics (note these IDs are not linked across experiments and denote unique responses)

- consent
	Did the respondent select YES to consent to take the survey?

- damages1
	(if Order1 = 0) How much shall the Respondent pay the Claimant in damages?
	Possible options:
		The Claimant's amount: US$50,002,100.00 
		The Respondent's amount: ${e://Field/RespAward}

	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question damages1 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- damages2
	(if Order1 = 1) How much shall the Respondent pay the Claimant in damages?
	Possible options:
		The Claimant's amount: US$50,002,100.00 
		The Respondent's amount: ${e://Field/RespAward}

	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question damages2 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- expenses1
	(if Order2 = 0) How do you think the parties’ expenses, including the cost of legal representation, 
	should be apportioned in this dispute?
	Possible options:
		Claimant reimburses all of the Respondent’s expenses. 
		Claimant reimburses some of the Respondent’s expenses.
		Each party bears its own expenses. 
		Respondent reimburses some of the Claimant’s expenses. 
		Respondent reimburses all of the Claimant’s expenses.

	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question expenses2 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- expenses2
	(if Order2 = 1) How do you think the parties’ expenses, including the cost of legal representation, 
	should be apportioned in this dispute?
	Possible options:
		The Claimant's amount: US$50,002,100.00 
		The Respondent's amount: ${e://Field/RespAward}

	Note: This is combined with the corresponding question expenses1 in the R code for the actual analysis.

- reasoning
	Respondents' brief discussion of their reasoning for the expenses and damages questions.

- gender
	Respondents' gender
	Possible options:
		Male
		Female
- USNational
	Did respondents indicate that they were a national of the United States
	Possible options:
		1 (Yes)
		0 (No)

- Common.Origin
	Did respondents indicate that they were a national of a common law country (coding based on La Porta, et. al. (2008))
	Possible options:
		1 (Yes)
		0 (No)

- Civil.Origin
	Did respondents indicate that they were a national of a civil law country (coding based on La Porta et. al. (2008))
	Possible options:
		1 (Yes)
		0 (No)

- employment
	What best describes your primary, current place of employment?
	Possible options:
		Private Practice/Law firm
		Professor/University
		Government/Public sector
		Other

- employmentCoded
	Recoded version of the four employment questions. "Other", when possible, recoded on the basis of arbitrators' open-ended responses. 
	Possible options:
		Private (includes both Private practice/Law firm in addition to other private sector positions described in the 'Other' open-ended responses)
		Public
		Academic

- educationCoded
	Recoded version of the open-ended education response. See above for coding guidelines
	Possible options:
		Bachelor's
		JD
		Master's
		Doctorate

- educationAnswered	
	Indicator for whether respondent gave an answer for education.
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)

- any.arbitrators
	Did the arbitrator state that they had served in 1 or more arbitrations.
	Possible options:
		1: (Yes)
		0: (No)
		
- isDispute
	Have you ever been appointed to an investor-state dispute?
	Possible options:
		Yes
		No

- Appointer
	Treatment assignment: appointing party:
	Possible options:
		by the parties.
		by the claimant.
		by the respondent.
		. (blind appointment)

- RespAward
	Treatment assignment: Respondent's requested award amount
	Possible options:
		US$6,250,262.50
		US$12,500,525.00
		US$25,001,050.00

- Order1
	Order of responses for the damages question
	Possible options:	
		0 (Start with Claimant's position)
		1 (Start with Respondent's position)

- Order2
	Order of responses for the expenses question
	Possible options:
		0 (Start with Claimant reimburses all)
		1 (Start with Respondent reimburses all)

- RowID
	Row identifier

############################################################
#### Characteristics of recent ICSID arbitrators coded by authors
## icsid_2010-2016_arbitrators.csv
###
- Variable Name
	Description
########

- ID
	Unique identifier assigned to each entry

- Name	
	Name of the arbitrator

- Gender
	Gender of the arbitrator
	Possible options:
		M (Male)
		F (Female)

- Profession	
	Profession of the arbitrator as coded from publicly available records
	Possible options:
		Any combination of Academic, Private, Public sector. Includes multiple entries for arbitrators involved in multiple fields

- Profession.Primary
	Primary/most current profession of the arbitrator (in terms of recency)
	Possible options:
		Academic
		Private
		Public

- Nationality
	Nationalities of the arbitrator (obtained from ICSID's database of arbitrators)

- legalOrigins1
	Legal origin of the arbitrator's first listed nationality (based on coding in La Porta et al. (2008))
	Possible options:
 		1 (English Common Law)
		2 (French Commercial Code)
		3 (Socialist/Communist laws)
		4 (German Commercial Code)
		5 (Scandinavian Commercial Code)

- legalOrigins2
	Legal origin of the arbitrator's second listed nationality (based on coding in La Porta et al. (2008))
	Possible options:
 		1 (English Common Law)
		2 (French Commercial Code)
		3 (Socialist/Communist laws)
		4 (German Commercial Code)
		5 (Scandinavian Commercial Code)

- legalOrigins3
	Legal origin of the arbitrator's third listed nationality (based on coding in La Porta et al. (2008))
	Possible options:
 		1 (English Common Law)
		2 (French Commercial Code)
		3 (Socialist/Communist laws)
		4 (German Commercial Code)
		5 (Scandinavian Commercial Code)

- anyCommon
	Indicator if any of the arbitrators' nationalities have English Common Law systems
	Possible options:
		1 (Yes)
		0 (No)

- anyCivil
	Indicator if any of the arbitrators' nationalities have any of the four civil legal systems.
	Possible options:
		1 (Yes)
		0 (No)

- Public Sector
	If arbitrator is coded as working in the "public" sector - what is the location of employment?

- University
	If arbitrator is coded as working as an "academic" - what is the university of employment?

- Firm
	If arbitrator is coded as working in the "private" sector - what is the law firm, location or nature of employment?
	
- RowID
	Row identifier